Specific aspects of normative legal regulation of anatomical materials' transplantation in ukraine and foreign countries.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The article is devoted to the research of normative regulation of human organs and tissue transplantation in Ukraine and some foreign countries. A considerable part of problem aspects of transplantology in Ukraine is hidden due to the normative and legal base shortcomings, therefore there is a necessity of considering and borrowing foreign experience of legal regulation of this process, a legal regulation of the bases and conditions of providing consent to the removal of organs or refusal of the potential donor and legal consequences of it. The question as for the possibility of consolidating the "consent presumption" on the removal of organs and tissues at the legislative level remains current, but many experts express the idea of inadmissibility of such legislative actions because of the military operations on the territory of Ukraine and the imperfection of state control for the activities of institutions performing transplantation. At the same time, it is obvious that now the legislative regulation of the sphere of transplantology does not meet modern requirements, and creates certain gaps in the Ukrainian legislation. The aim is to determine and concretize problematic issues of legal regulation of the transplantation sphere in Ukraine, to analyze the experience of the successful countries in this direction and to develop an integrated approach to the solution of certain problems. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: During the research, international normative acts, national legislation acts and scientific works of scholars were used. The article is based on the dialectical, legal, historical, comparative, systematic methods of research. RESULTS: Review: The analysis of the current situation of legal regulation of the sphere of transplantology in Ukraine has been carried out, the main problems and gaps, which must be eliminated as soon as possible for the real possibility of organ and tissue transplantation operations, are identified. The experience of the most progressive countries that are leaders in the number of transplantation operations is analyzed and their experience has been taken. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The solution of this problem is possible only after the transformation of the transplant coordination system, the introduction of the Unified State Information System for transplantation, the training of specialized personnel, the improvement of the technical equipment of medical institutions, and the creation of an effective mechanism for regulating of the human anatomical materials' transplantation.

Análise dos fatores que dificultam e facilitam o processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos na perspectiva do enfermeiro / Analysis of factors that make it difficult and the process of organ and tissue donation in the nurse's perspective

Objetivo: identificar na produção científica da enfermagem os fatores envolvidos no processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa que, a partir da utilização de duas bases de dados, PubMed e LILACS, selecionou dez artigos para serem submetidos à leitura, sendo seus dados agrupados e inseridos na análise. Resultados: Após a análise dos artigos obtidos, emergiram duas categorias: fatores dificultadores do processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos e fatores facilitadores desse processo. Os artigos selecionados foram unânimes em ressaltar a importância do conhecimento teórico e prático dos enfermeiros no processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos. Conclusão: O déficit de conhecimento foi o obstáculo com maior grau de influência por afetar a viabilização de órgãos e tecidos para transplante, impossibilitando a esperança de sobrevida ou até mesmo salvar a vida de outra pessoa por meio da doação.

Objective: to identify in nursing scientific production the factors involved in the process of organ and tissue donation. Method: This is an integrative review study that, based on the use of two databases, PubMed and LILACS, selected ten articles to be read and their data grouped and inserted in the analysis. Results: After analyzing the obtained articles, two categories emerged: factors that hinder the process of donation of organs and tissues and facilitating factors of this process. The articles selected were unanimous in emphasizing the importance of the theoretical and practical knowledge of nurses in the process of organ and tissue donation. Conclusion: The knowledge deficit was the most influential obstacle because it affected the viability of organs and tissues for transplantation, making it impossible to hope for survival or even to save the life of another person through donation.

Objetivo: identificar en la producción científica de la enfermería los factores involucrados en el proceso de donación de órganos y tejidos. Método: Se trata de un estudio de revisión integrativa que, a partir de la utilización de dos bases de datos, PubMed y LILACS, seleccionó diez artículos para ser sometidos a la lectura, siendo sus datos agrupados e insertados en el análisis. Resultados: Después del análisis de los artículos obtenidos, surgieron dos categorías: factores dificultadores del proceso de donación de órganos y tejidos y factores facilitadores de ese proceso. Los artículos seleccionados fueron unánimes en resaltar la importancia del conocimiento teórico y práctico de los enfermeros en el proceso de donación de órganos y tejidos. Conclusión: El déficit de conocimiento fue el obstáculo con mayor grado de influencia por afectar la viabilidad de órganos y tejidos para trasplante, imposibilitando la esperanza de sobrevida o incluso salvar la vida de otra persona por medio de la donación.